As a result, these materials are evolving much faster than traditional materials and might be able to take the place of crystalline silicon solar cells in global markets. In 2009 4, 5, 6, single-junction halide perovskites solar cells were reported to have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8%, while now it has substantially increased rapidly to a remarkable certified value of 25.7% 7, 8, 9. Because of their exceptional optical and electrical properties, halide perovskites are particularly inspiring for photovoltaic applications 3. Over the past few years, perovskite materials have received much attention due to their novel properties, such as high-mobility carriers, large light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, and tunable bandgap 1, 2. The outcome results of this work confirm the beneficial effect of mixed cations on device operation and advance our knowledge of the numerical optimization of perovskite-based solar cells. The \(\delta\)-FA-based solar cell with a 50% MA-doped molar ratio shows a better performance with an efficiency of 26.22% compared to 8.43% for δ-FAPbI 3. The photovoltaic characteristics and impact of absorber thickness on device performance were explained. The validity of the device simulation was confirmed by comparing it to real-world devices. Moreover, the performance of \(\delta\)-FA-based perovskites was investigated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The crystal structure of δ-FAPbI 3 was altered to a cubic structure due to the change in FA-cation. The results demonstrated that the prepared mixed-cation samples are enhanced in the visible absorption region and are consistent with previous works. Crystallinity, phase identification, thermal stability, optoelectronic properties, and nanoscale composition are discussed. Herein, the mechanochemical synthesis of δ-FAPbI 3, MAPbI 3, and mixed-cation FA 1− xMA xPbI 3 with ( x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) perovskite materials were prepared as a novel green chemistry method for scaling up production.
Formamidinium lead triiodide (δ-FAPbI 3)-based perovskite solar cells showed remarkable potential as light harvesters for thin-film photovoltaics.
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